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The Covid-19 pandemic that has hit the world of health in the last 2-3 years has been given more significant impact on people living with HIV/AIDS globally. Because for those who live side by side with HIV, the Covid-19 pandemic became a significant threat Because of the hurry transmission of the coronavirus between humans. In this thing, many researchers have conducted research related to HIV/AIDS both in terms of the world of health, social, or laboratory test results. The goals of this study are to perform an analysis of the publication database scientifically with the keywords HIV, Policy, and Strategy by applying the keywords One press on the column search and search simultaneously on the Scopus Site as follows: (TITLE -ABS-KEY (HIV)) AND (policy) AND (strategy) AND (LIMIT-TO (OA, "all")) AND (LIMIT-TO (SUBJAREA, "SOCI") with the area of Social Science. In it, researchers find publication scientific as many as 6,417 documents, with the research sample used, is as many as 2,000 publication documents scientific, the latest retrieved through the Scopus database. The analysis results show that the keyword Female, Male, Adult, AIDS, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection are the 5 most popular keywords among researchers. Based on p that, the researcher furthermore identifies policy strategies based on the results of previous studies relevant to the keywords as has been determined to produce based strategy recommendations situation latest.
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The article describes a strategy to facilitate access to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13 (PCV-13) for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: report on the experience regarding the organization of a care service for PLHIV in the city of São Paulo to facilitate access to PCV-13 in the framework of the 2020 influenza vaccination campaign during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: through the integration between a PLHIV care service and an Immunization Center (CRIE in Portuguese), it was possible to offer PCV-13 to PLHIV at the point of care, reducing physical barriers to access to immunization. Thus, of the 1,906 PLHIV who passed through the service during the period March 23-July 31, 2020, 84.4% (1,609) received the influenza vaccine, PCV-13 or both. Of the 1609 vaccinated, 50.6% (814) were eligible and received PCV-13. Conclusion: offering the vaccine at the point of care and orienting PLHIV on the importance of vaccination as a disease prevention strategy, identifying those eligible to receive it, was an important action carried out by the institution together with the nursing team, as a strategy to facilitate access to vaccination. © This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
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HIV and COVID-19 disproportionately impact marginalized populations, especially racial and ethnic minorities. This descriptive case series from an HIV clinic in the U.S. Midwest explores the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of 37 individuals with HIV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection. All 37 had suppressed viral loads prior to diagnosis with COVID-19, and all 37 survived. Relative to our overall HIV clinic population, over twice as many Hispanic patients, three times as many undocumented patients, and four times as many refugee patients contracted COVID-19, highlighting the structural vulnerability of these sub-populations.
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BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown different effects of telehealth interventions on adherence to Antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV. This study conducted a meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) to estimate the pooled effect of telehealth interventions on the treatment adherence of HIV patients. METHODS: The researchers conducted literature searches in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. In addition, open grey was systematically searched until January 2022 for RCTs around the effects of telehealth on adherence to treatment ART among patients with HIV. Each study's methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Pooled Standard Mean Differences (SMD) and Risk Ratio (RR) with 95% CI were calculated using the random effects model. RESULTS: In total, 12 eligible articles were considered in the present systematic review. A random-effects meta-analysis using 5 RCTs yielded the pooled RR estimate of 1.18 (95% CI: 1.03 to 1.35, p < 0.05); I2 = 0, suggesting the adherence to treatment among patients with HIV who received telehealth intervention was significantly 18% upper than control groups. Moreover, the random effects analysis of SMD showed a positive effect for telehealth with SMR = 0.36 (95% CI: 0.22 to 0.49, p < 0.05); I2 = 91.9%, indicating that telehealth intervention increased ART adherence to the treatment group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Telehealth intervention as a new modality of health care service delivery could be a valuable strategy to improve ART adherence among patients with HIV. It can strengthen the capacity of HIV care services. On a large scale, telehealth can be utilized as a supplementary component for ART delivery and retention toward successful adherence to the therapy.
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HIV Infections , Telemedicine , Humans , Medication Adherence , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Odds RatioABSTRACT
People living with HIV are more exposed to the adverse health effects of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic's health and social repercussions may promote drug abuse and inadequate HIV management among this demographic. The coronavirus pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19) has caused unprecedented disruption worldwide in people's lives and health care. When the COVID-19 epidemic was identified, people with HIV faced significant obstacles and hurdles to achieving optimal care results. The viral spike protein (S-Protein) and the cognate host cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are both realistic and appropriate intervention targets. Calanolides A, Holy Basil, Kuwanon-L, and Patentiflorin have anti-HIV effects. Our computational biology study investigated that these compounds all had interaction binding scores related to S protein of coronavirus of -9.0 kcal /mol, -7.1 kcal /mol, -9.1 kcal /mol, and -10.3 kcal/mol/mol, respectively. A combination of plant-derived anti-HIV compounds like protease inhibitors and nucleoside analogs, which are commonly used to treat HIV infection, might be explored in clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19.
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The concept of "syndemics" is getting more and more popularity in scientific journals, especially since the end of the first decade of the current century. It relates to the dynamic interaction of synchronous or sequential diseases (whether communicable or not, also including mental diseases), with social and environmental factors, resulting at the end in a worse global outcome. The rise of publications in peer reviewed journals is exponential, especially in the last ten years. Born after another - forgotten - epidemy, the one related to HIV (AIDS), this concept is more than ever cited within the frame of the still ongoing COVID-19 pandemics. We will highlight this concept through a couple of selected examples related to infectious diseases. The recognition of an extensive intertwining allows to change in depth the way we approach health care efficiency, both at an individual as well as a societal level.;Le concept de «syndémie» - l'interaction entre maladies co-existantes ou séquentielles (transmissibles, non transmissibles, et maladies mentales), avec des phénomènes sociaux et environnementaux qui amplifient les effets négatifs de cette interaction - fait de plus en plus le sujet de publications dans des journaux internationaux, particulièrement ces dernières années. La croissance d'articles est effectivement exponentielle en particulier depuis la fin de la première décade du 21ème siècle. Né dans les suites d'une autre épidémie - celle du SIDA (taxée d'ailleurs de pandémie oubliée) - ce terme est devenu de plus en plus populaire. Il l'est encore plus aujourd'hui, depuis l'avènement de la crise sanitaire liée à une autre pandémie, celle de la COVID-19. Les liens et interactions multiples entre maladies et facteurs «externes» seront illustrés à l'aide de quelques exemples relatifs aux maladies infectieuses. Le fait même de reconnaître un tel entrelacement permet d'évoquer une approche différente afin d'améliorer l'efficience de la prise en charge de la santé d'une population et d'un individu.
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Young people in East and Southern Africa need greater access to reliable information about health and education in order to make informed decisions on health matters--focusing on HIV and teenage pregnancy--and to increase basic education outcomes. Young 1ove organization, established in March 2014 in Gaborone, Botswana, is a grassroots, youth-led, evidence-based movement in East and Southern Africa. Its mission is to connect youth to proven life-saving information. Its core competencies are delivering sensitive information to young people in a credible and relatable fashion, busting myths, changing beliefs and norms, generating demand, and building connection and trust. As a portfolio organization, Young 1ove commits to a few, highly curated programs. It invests in these programs for the long term--testing, iterating, and following the evidence at each step of the program life cycle. This article discusses lessons learned along the way of implementing Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL). TaRL is an education program that supports students who are falling behind in basic literacy and numeracy by grouping them according to ability level, rather than teaching to a syllabus that is often far too advanced for most students. In addition, the program has a menu of fun and level-appropriate activities that are custom-tailored to each group of students.
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This research brief is one of a series of six briefs, which provide an overview of available evidence shown in the Campbell-UNICEF Mega-Map of the effectiveness of interventions to improve child well-being in low- and middle-income countries. Five of these briefs summarize evidence as mapped against the five goal areas of UNICEF's 2018-2021 Strategic Plan. A sixth special brief was added to focus specifically on COVID-19 and other epidemics and major crises. It is anticipated that the briefs will also be useful for others working in the child well-being space. This brief provides an overview of the available evidence related to child health and development. The purpose of the research brief is to: (1) Make potential users aware of the map and its contents, (2) Identify areas in which there is ample evidence to guide policy and practice, and so encourage policymakers and practitioners to use the map as a way to access rigorous studies of effectiveness, and (3) Identify gaps in the evidence base, and so encourage research commissioners to commission studies to fill these evidence gaps. [This brief is an update of the 2020 version. It was written with assistance from Yashika Kanojia.]
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ABSTRACT Objective to understand the best management practices in the health care provided to people living with HIV in Primary Health Care services from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Method a qualitative research study anchored in the Constructivist Grounded Theory. The study participants were nurses and managers involved with management practices in the care provided to people living with HIV in the municipality. The data were collected between July and September 2020 from intensive interviews with 12 nurses in four Basic Health Units and with five managers of the Municipal Health Department, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, totaling 17 participants. Data collection and analysis took place concomitantly, following the initial and focused coding phases. Results this resulted in the phenomenon entitled "Unveiling the best management practices in the care provided to people living with HIV related to decentralized, shared and evidence-based care", supported by three categories that point to decentralization of the clinical management of the HIV infection to Primary Health Care in Florianópolis, to instrumentalization and training of professionals to manage the infection through the use of scientific evidence, and to the care practices developed in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion decentralization of care for people living with HIV to Primary Health Care was presented as the foundation of the best practices, supported by teamwork and evidence-based clinical management.
RESUMEN Objetivo comprender las mejores prácticas de gestión de la atención médica provista a personas que viven con VIH en los servicios de Atención Primaria de la Salud de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Método investigación cualitativa, basada en la Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos constructivista. Los participantes del estudio fueron enfermeros y gerentes con participación en las prácticas de gestión de la atención provista a personas que viven con VIH en el municipio. Los datos se recolectaron entre julio y septiembre de 2020 a partir de entrevistas intensivas con 12 enfermeros en cuatro Unidades Básicas de Salud y con cinco gerentes de la Secretaría Municipal de Salud de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil, totalizando 17 participantes. La recolección y el análisis de los datos tuvieron lugar simultáneamente, para luego desarrollar las fases de codificación inicial y focalizada. Resultados se arribó al fenómeno llamado "Revelando las mejores prácticas de gestión de la atención provista a personas que viven con VIH relacionadas con la asistencia descentralizada, compartida y basada en evidencias", sustentado por tres categorías que apuntan a la descentralización del manejo clínico de la infección por VIH al ámbito de la Atención Primaria de la Salud en Florianópolis, a la instrumentalización y capacitación de los profesionales para el manejo de la infección aplicando evidencias científicas, y a las prácticas de atención desarrolladas frente a la pandemia de COVID-19. Conclusión la descentralización de la atención provista a personas que viven con VIH al ámbito de la Atención Primaria de la Salud se presentó como la base de las mejores prácticas, sustentadas en el trabajo en equipo y el manejo clínico basado en evidencias.
RESUMO Objetivo compreender as melhores práticas de gestão no cuidado à saúde das pessoas que vivem com HIV em serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Método pesquisa qualitativa, ancorada na teoria fundamentada nos dados construtivista. Os participantes do estudo foram enfermeiros e gestores envolvidos com as práticas de gestão no cuidado às pessoas que vivem com HIV no município. Os dados foram coletados entre julho e setembro de 2020, a partir de entrevistas intensivas com 12 enfermeiros, em quatro Unidades Básicas de Saúde e cinco gestores da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil, totalizando 17 participantes. A coleta e análise dos dados ocorreram de forma concomitante, seguindo as fases de codificação inicial e focalizada. Resultados chegou-se ao fenômeno intitulado "Desvelando as melhores práticas de gestão no cuidado às pessoas que vivem com HIV relacionadas com o cuidado descentralizado, compartilhado e baseado em evidências," sustentado por três categorias que apontam para a descentralização do manejo clínico da infecção por HIV para a Atenção Primária à Saúde em Florianópolis, a instrumentalização e treinamento dos profissionais para o manejo da infecção mediante o uso de evidências científicas e as práticas de cuidado desenvolvidas frente à pandemia de Covid-19. Conclusão a descentralização do cuidado às pessoas que vivem com HIV para a Atenção Primária à Saúde foi apresentada como alicerce das melhores práticas, amparadas no trabalho em equipe e manejo clínico baseado em evidências.
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The lumen of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract contains an incredibly diverse and extensive collection of microorganisms that can directly stimulate the immune system. There are significant data to demonstrate that the spatial localization of the microbiome can impact viral disease pathogenesis. Here we discuss recent studies that have investigated causes and consequences of GI tract pathologies in HIV, SIV, and SARS-CoV-2 infections with HIV and SIV initiating GI pathology from the basal side and SARS-CoV-2 from the luminal side. Both these infections result in alterations of the intestinal barrier, leading to microbial translocation, persistent inflammation, and T-cell immune activation. GI tract damage is one of the major contributors to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals and to the incomplete immune restoration in HIV-infected subjects, even in those with robust viral control with antiretroviral therapy. While the causes of GI tract pathologies differ between these virus families, therapeutic interventions to reduce microbial translocation-induced inflammation and improve the integrity of the GI tract may improve the prognoses of infected individuals.
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COVID-19 , HIV Infections , Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Simian Immunodeficiency Virus , Animals , Gastrointestinal Tract , Humans , Inflammation , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a multifocal lympho-angioproliferative, mesenchymal low-grade tumor associated with a γ2-herpesvirus, named Kaposi sarcoma-associated virus or human herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV8). The lung is considered a usual anatomical location of KS, despite being infrequent, often in association with extensive mucocutaneous lesions and very uncommonly as an isolated event. We report a case of a pulmonary KS (pKS) in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) naïve patient, which was atypical due to a lack of cutaneous involvement and an absence of respiratory symptoms. The pKS was initially identified as a tumoral suspected nodular lesion and only after immunohistochemical analysis was it characterized as KS. Furthermore, the diagnosis of pKS led to the discovery of the HIV-seropositive status of the patient, previously unknown. Our report underlines the importance of considering pKS even without skin lesions and as a first manifestation of HIV infection. We also reviewed literature on the current knowledge about pKS in people living with HIV (PLWH) to underline how one of the most common HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) associated tumors can have a challenging localization and be difficult to recognize.
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Recently, The Lancet published a study on the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines and the waning of immunity with time. The study showed that immune function among vaccinated individuals 8 months after the administration of two doses of COVID-19 vaccine was lower than that among the unvaccinated individuals. According to European Medicines Agency recommendations, frequent COVID-19 booster shots could adversely affect the immune response and may not be feasible. The decrease in immunity can be caused by several factors such as N1-methylpseudouridine, the spike protein, lipid nanoparticles, antibody-dependent enhancement, and the original antigenic stimulus. These clinical alterations may explain the association reported between COVID-19 vaccination and shingles. As a safety measure, further booster vaccinations should be discontinued. In addition, the date of vaccination should be recorded in the medical record of patients. Several practical measures to prevent a decrease in immunity have been reported. These include limiting the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including acetaminophen to maintain deep body temperature, appropriate use of antibiotics, smoking cessation, stress control, and limiting the use of lipid emulsions, including propofol, which may cause perioperative immunosuppression. In conclusion, COVID-19 vaccination is a major risk factor for infections in critically ill patients.
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COVID-19 Vaccines , COVID-19 , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/prevention & control , Humans , Liposomes , Nanoparticles , SARS-CoV-2 , Vaccination/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Accumulating data emphasize a strong link between obesity and the severity of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), including mortality. Obesity interferes with several components of the immune system including lymphoid tissue's integrity, leukocytes' development and function, complement system's activation, and the coordination of innate and adaptive immune responses. Overall, obesity results in a less efficient immune response to infectious agents. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 exploits this weakened immune system in people with obesity to precipitate COVID-19, and in some cases death. It is therefore the author's recommendation that obesity should be viewed as another form of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and be treated with the appropriate seriousness. Unlike the previously described acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) that is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), obesity is a comorbidity-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. People with AIDS do not die from HIV, but may die from opportunistic pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, AIDS is ascribed its due importance in the course of deterioration of the patient. Similarly, obesity should be acknowledged further as a risk factor for mortality from COVID-19. Obesity is a modifiable condition and even in people with a strong genetic predisposition, lifestyle modifications can reverse obesity, and even moderate weight loss can improve the inflammatory milieu. Strong public health actions are warranted to promote lifestyle measures to reduce the burden from overweight and obesity that currently affect more than one-third of the global population, with projections alarming this may reach 55-80% within the next thirty years.
Accumulating data emphasize a strong link between obesity and the severity of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), including mortality. Obesity interferes with several components of the immune system, reducing the body's capacity for defence against infectious agents, such as viruses and bacteria. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 takes advantage of this weakened defence in people with obesity to precipitate COVID-19, and in some cases death. It is therefore the author's recommendation that obesity should be viewed as another form of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and be treated with the appropriate seriousness. Unlike the previously described acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) that is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), obesity is a comorbidity-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. People with AIDS do not die from HIV, but may die from opportunistic pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, AIDS is ascribed its due importance in the course of deterioration of the patient. Similarly, obesity should be acknowledged further as a risk factor for mortality from COVID-19. Obesity is a modifiable condition and even in people with a strong genetic predisposition, lifestyle modifications can reverse obesity. Strong public health actions are warranted to promote lifestyle measures to reduce the burden from overweight and obesity that currently affect more than one-third of the global population, with projections alarming this may reach 55-80% within the next thirty years.
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Background and AimRelated research has found that men who visit public sex environments such as a gay bathhouse engage in unprotected anal intercourse and tend to have multiple sexual partners during their visit. We aimed to assess the risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission among men attending a gay bathhouse.MethodsA prospective study of the prevalence of HCV among men attending a gay bathhouse was conducted in Bangkok, Thailand, from October 2019 to March 2020. HCV risks and risk perceptions were evaluated using a self‐administered questionnaire. HCV testing with result notification was provided on site.ResultsOf the 40 participants (median age 30 years), one subject (2.5%) was positive for HCV antibody. Bathhouse patrons reported engaging in high‐risk sexual behavior, including sexually transmitted infection history and Chemsex experience. The subject tested positive for HCV antibody reported a frequency of attending gay bathhouse of around 2–4 times monthly and had multiple partners while attending a gay bathhouse. Only 15% of subjects realized that hepatitis C can be transmitted through sexual intercourse.ConclusionOur findings support HCV transmission‐reducing guidelines recommending providing selective HCV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM). Bathhouse patrons reported low literacy levels on HCV transmission. Nevertheless, HCV screening should cover a population exhibiting high‐risk sexual behaviors such as attending a gay bathhouse.
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OBJECTIVES: The global pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in the city of Wuhan, China around December 2019. Since then, the virus has caused severe morbidity and mortality worldwide and has put pressure on the global medical system. Still, there are limited data regarding the clinical impact of COVID-19 on people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The primary aim of this study was, therefore, to systematically review up-to-date studies reporting the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 amongst HIV patients. METHODS: A thorough literature search was carried out using MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library Databases in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 22 studies were identified. Amongst 730 HIV/COVID-19-coinfected patients, 79.4% were males, the median age was 51.5 years, and the number of reported patients receiving antiretroviral drugs was 708 (97.2%). Most coinfected patients had mild to moderate symptoms, including cough (37.7%), fever (37.5%), and dyspnoea (24.7%). Among pre-existing comorbidities, hypertension (26.3%) was the most prevalent in HIV/COVID-19 coinfected patients, and 87% of coinfected patients recovered. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the existing data in this systematic literature review, HIV patients with pre-existing comorbidities, obesity, and older age should be considered as a high-risk group for COVID-19. Furthermore, coinfected patients appear to have marginally comparable clinical outcomes with the general population. The study's findings highlight the need for further investigation to elucidate the impact of COVID-19 infection on HIV patients.
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Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use , COVID-19/complications , Coinfection , HIV Infections/drug therapy , China , Cough/etiology , Diagnostic Tests, Routine , Fever/etiology , HumansABSTRACT
Viral infectious diseases have resulted in millions of deaths throughout history and have created a significant public healthcare burden. Tremendous efforts have been placed by the scientific communities, health officials and government organizations to detect, treat, and prevent viral infection. However, the complicated life cycle and rapid genetic mutations of viruses demand continuous development of novel medicines with high efficacy and safety profiles. Peptides provide a promising outlook as a tool to combat the spread and re-emergence of viral infection. This article provides an overview of five viral infectious diseases with high global prevalence: influenza, chronic hepatitis B, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome, and coronavirus disease 2019. The current and potential peptide-based therapies, vaccines, and diagnostics for each disease are discussed.